Internet Coverage over Internet Speed

Been in the boondocks for about a week now on a semi-vacation mode (and semi-retreat kind of way) so I’m not able to regularly publish new entries here. With a thousand miles away from mega Manila and a couple hundred more miles from the nearest city, my mountain resort hide-away is almost devoid of any internet coverage.

I’ve had some time to re-think the broadband issue I left behind in Metro Manila and have gotten a few more thoughts and ideas I’d like to share.

Broadband Internet as a Right vs. Privilege. If broadband internet becomes a “human rights” issue, does that mean that people in the boondocks and far-flung islands of the Philippines can “demand their right” and be provided with access to the internet where there is currently none? If that’s the case then I think the more important issue that NTC should look into is not the sub-standard speed of broadband internet but the utter lack of broadband coverage in many areas in the Philippines.

It’s like the poor people in Metro Manila protesting they are only able to eat 2 times a day when they should be able to eat thrice a day against the fact that people in far-flung areas have nothing to eat at all.

However, Government stepping into and regulating an industry does not always end well. Many other essential services like water, electricity, telephone have been privatized instead of nationalized. Even oil has been deregulated as well. I don’t believe in “big” governments.

Internet Coverage vs. Internet Speed. Faster broadband speed is always better. We always want our 2Mbps mobile 3G connection to be at its top speed.

Then again, if I were in the islands or in the middle of the jungle, I would care more about being able to access decent internet rather than thinking about downloading the latest episode of Fringe — I would not mind getting a steady 256Kbps line on my supposed 3Mbps mobile 3G connection as long as I get the connection. But that’s just me.

During the NBN ZTE scandal, I’ve read news reports that local telcos now cover 99% of the population of the Philippines in terms of internet connectivity (dial-up, DSL, and GPRS). That doesn’t mean though that the 99% of the area of the Philippines have internet access. It could be just the top 1,000 big islands that have coverage while the remaining 6,107 are still unreachable (while still representing the remaining 1% of the population).

Residential Broadband is Shared Resources. Many people do not know that the regular broadband internet they subscribe to is shared and not dedicated.

If you want a full dedicated line, you can get it via a “leased line”. That means the whole pipe is just dedicated to you alone. Not sure about local pricing but a 1Mbps leased line could fetch you up to $500PHP 29,343INR 42,375EUR 476CNY 3,639 a month (this is an old price I knew a couple of years ago).

In a shared broadband environment, only a certain amount of bandwidth is provisioned. Say for every 20 subscribers, the ISP allocates around 1Mbps of dedicated pipe. The tricky part is how they can efficiently manage the provisioning so that all of the 20 subscribers still manage to experience the 1Mbps connection.

The fact is, no ISP anywhere in the world can afford to dedicate a full pipe for each subscribed speed — meaning, dedicate a 2Mbps line for a 2Mbps subscription.

Let’s take PLDT for example. In 2009, they generated a revenue of about Php13.9USD 0.24INR 20EUR 0.23CNY 2 billion in their broadband service from almost 1 million subscribers.

Let’s say each of the 1 million residents subscribed to only a 1Mbps connection. If PLDT allocates a dedicated 1Mbps (and not shared as it normally does) to each one, then it would need to “rent” out 1,000Gbps (1,000,000Mbps) of international pipes. If the going rate for a 1Mbps dedicated international pipe is $40PHP 2,347INR 3,390EUR 38CNY 291 (this figure I got from small municipal ISPs renting out 1Mbps fiber pipes in some US states), then PLDT would need to pay international providers $40PHP 2,347INR 3,390EUR 38CNY 291 million a month (roughly Php1.76USD 0.03INR 3EUR 0.03CNY 0.22 billion a month).

The annual fee it has to pay would be Php21.12USD 0.36INR 31EUR 0.34CNY 3 billion (way higher than the Php13.9USD 0.24INR 20EUR 0.23CNY 2 billion collections from subscribers). That does not count cost of operations, salary of over 5,000 employees, infrastructure, debt payments, etc.

We can now do a reverse calculation and see how much pipe we’re actually provisioned from these figures. Let’s say the total operating expenses, infra and salaries for the year is Php4USD 0.07INR 6EUR 0.06CNY 0.50 billion.

A typical business would make a 40 margin so that leaves Php8USD 0.14INR 12EUR 0.13CNY 0.99.34B from the Php13USD 0.22INR 19EUR 0.21CNY 2.9B gross revenue. Subtract Php4B of expenses from Php8USD 0.14INR 12EUR 0.13CNY 0.99.34B and they’re left with Php4USD 0.07INR 6EUR 0.06CNY 0.50.34B to pay for rent of international pipes.

Using the same $40PHP 2,347INR 3,390EUR 38CNY 291 a month per 1Mbps dedicated pipe, Php8USD 0.14INR 12EUR 0.13CNY 0.99.34B will only allow for 394,000Mbps a year. If that 394,000Mbps is provisioned to 1 million subscribers, then each one would only get something like 394Kbps for their 1Mbps subscription.

That’s just how the ball rolls. How else can ISPs sell you a 1Mbps subscription for only Php999USD 17INR 1,443EUR 16CNY 124 a month if they pay their upstream providers $40PHP 2,347INR 3,390EUR 38CNY 291 a month for the same speed?

Geography and Economics

Neighboring countries like Singapore and Hong Kong enjoy much faster internet speeds and at cheaper prices too. Why not the Philippines?

First, it’s geography. There are around 3.6 million broadband users in Singapore. In the Philippines, the estimate is 29 million but not all of them are broadband users (net cafe, office, school and dial-up users are included here). However, Singapore is only 683 square kilometers while the Philippines has 299,764 square kilometers of land. That’s 439 times bigger (size-wise) or at least 55 times more expensive to cover the same amount of people and be able to provide them with fiber connectivity.

Second, it’s economics. Despite the “internet” being a global commodity, local economics will still dictate supply and price points. Our electricity rate is among the highest in the world. Our taxes (10-35% + 12% VAT) is among the highest in the world. We have our share of very cheap services too — like SMS which is roughly Php8USD 0.14INR 12EUR 0.13CNY 0.99 in the US and only Php1USD 0.02INR 1EUR 0.02CNY 0.12 here.

There’s No Truth in Advertising

Have you tried eating at Mongolian Bowl with their eat-all-you can promo? I bet you can’t really eat all the meat that you want since they’ll put a cap on the amount of pork or chicken you put in each bowl.

Have you really tested if a drop of Joy liquid cleaner can really finish off 2 dozen dirty plates with just a single drop?

Have you accepted an invitation by a real estate sales agent to visit their site because they say you can own a house and lot for “only Php10,000USD 170INR 14,446EUR 162CNY 1,241” a month only to discover that the rate was for the monthly price of the 20% down-payment while the 80% is spot cash?

Aren’t we already familiar with the usual holiday sale that says “70% OFF (“up to”, in very small letters)”.

Do we all really believe in the advertising that we see on print, in billboards and on TV? To make matters worse, we never bothered to read the fine print when we sign service contracts. There’s no truth in advertising.

But here’s the clincher — ISPs have lawyers that make sure their ads and claims are protected from being considered scammy (or falsifying the public). The use of “up to X Mbps” and the fine print that indicates the Acceptable Use Policy are provisions that discloses the limitations of the service and liability of the provider.

To regulate or not to regulate; that is the question.

Government regulation is an iffy subject to discuss. So much more that we’re talking about the Philippine government here. If the government cannot even efficiently regulate its own offices and agencies, how much more the private sector? Most of the time, regulation can result to more bureaucracy and eventually corruption.

On the economics side, regulating the prices of a service or product does not always result into cheaper prices and/or better products. Just came back from NAIA3 and took a taxi home — there’s an LTFRB-approved airport taxi there that charges Php70USD 1INR 101EUR 1CNY 9 flag down and Php4USD 0.07INR 6EUR 0.06CNY 0.50 per 300meters. There’s another regulated taxi service that charges a fixed Php440USD 7INR 636EUR 7CNY 55 for a one way trip from the airport to Makati. The taxis aren’t even new (a ’95 Toyota Corolla). Now, that’s highway robbery. And to think the government is already involved in this “approved” rate.

Disclosure: My position is based on my personal experience running a couple of businesses (I own an internet cafe and a web hosting business for years) that is very similar to an ISP and as such have encountered, on many occasions, the same problems.